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Normal reactions to a
traumatic event, such as the terrorist attacks on the Twin Towers in New
York City and the Pentagon in Washington, D.C., resulting in sudden
death and mass destruction, can be immediate or delayed hours, days,
weeks, months or longer by the survivors and the friends and families of
the victims
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There are many
manifestations that occur after such catastrophes.
They include:
Physical
Reactions
Cognitive Disturbances
Emotional Manifestations
Behavioral
Reactions
Don’t tell a
person who has experienced a loss that it “could have been worse” or
“you’re lucky it was not worse”.
This belittles their feelings and it is the worst for them.
Sometimes they are unable to speak about the occurrence or their
feelings at all. A
loving embrace or holding a hand can express much more than words.
Children need to be
kept occupied by their routine. They
need to be reassured that they are safe. It is important to let them
express their feelings. They
may need to draw or play to ventilate their emotions.
Stay together and discuss the events.
Don’t obsess or constantly dwell on the occurrence.
Friends and Health
Care providers can stress that the individual is safe, provide structure,
limit exposure to the news and discussions, provide patience and offer
support.
Grieving persons
experience different stages of grief.
They may pass from one stage to another and may spend varying
amounts of time in each one. They
may completely skip a stage or repeat one.
Allow them to express their grief, shock, denial, anger, despair,
bargaining, detachment, acceptance and resolution with open and accepting
body language and encouraging words.
Sometimes, just being there, really present, even if there is
silence, is supportive and comforting.
Mourners have tasks
to complete to reach towards healing.
They must accept the loss and understand the reality of that
loss. They must realize that
their life has been changed. They
need to work through the pain.
Feelings and emotions must be released.
They need to adjust to their new environment and move on. This means they need to love and live again.
They must do the work of developing new interests, establishing new
relationships and rekindling older ones.
Helping yourself
through the grief process is difficult work that needs to be done.
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Talk.
Expressing
emotions will relieve some tension.
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Resume. Involve
yourself in new and old relationships and activities
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Nutrition.
Stress
depletes nutrients so eating a well-balanced diet with fresh fruits and
vegetables; whole grains, fish, organic meats and poultry will increase
energy. Decreasing
sugar, caffeine, tobacco and alcohol will benefit the body since these
drain nutrients, increase depression, stimulate palpitations and interfere
with sleep.
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Exercise.
Walk,
Tai Chi, Yoga, Aerobics, Biking, Swimming, etc. will reduce stress.
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Rest. Sleeping
may be difficult. Just rest.
Massage and Amma Therapy can be induce rest and sleep.
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Journaling.
Writing
letters, poems, journal entries, recording feelings on tape and being
creative can release emotional energy.
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Read.
Knowing
that others have experienced similar situations and can share your
feelings can diminish feelings of loneliness, being alone and isolation.
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Seek Help. Professional
Mental Health Workers can offer many supportive services.
Ask for help from Religious Leaders, Hospitals, Clinics, Self-Help
and Support Groups, and The World Wide Web:
Disaster
Psychiatry
http://www.psych.org/pract_of_psych/disaster_psych.cfm
Managing Traumatic Stress http://helping.apa.org/daily/traumaticstress.html
AAP Offers Advice on Communicating with
Children about Disasters http://www.aap.org/advocacy/releases/disastercomm.htm
DC Mental Health Extends Hours for Grief
Counseling http://www.washingtondc.gov/mayor/news/release.asp?id=235
Disaster Mental Health http://www.ncptsd.org/disaster.html
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